Insulator teeb tsa ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau hauv kev sib txuas lus thiab lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ua tau zoo ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua kom muaj hluav taws xob txhim khu kev qha. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ntawd yog lawv tus cwj pwm thaum raug rau lub zog arc. Kev tsim qauv tsis zoo nrog rau lub hwj chim arc tus cwj pwm tuaj yeem txo qis lub neej ntawm lub rwb thaiv tsev teeb thiab ua rau kom muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv.
Muaj ntau ntau ntawm cov khoom siv insulating xaiv thiab ib puag ncig uas siv cov khoom siv insulator. Yog li ntawd, cov txheej txheem insulator sib txawv heev thiab tej zaum yuav xav tau kom haum rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb. Txawm tias qhov sib txawv me tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim qauv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lub zog arc tus cwj pwm ntawm txoj hlua. Kev kuaj lub cev yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los ntsuas txoj hlua lub zog arc tus cwj pwm thiab yog li kev siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv thov kom cov insulator teeb tsa kev ntsuas hluav taws xob arc ua ntej lawv cog lus los txhim kho lawv ntawm lawv cov tes hauj lwm.
Tau ntau xyoo dhau los, KEMA Laboratories, Prague tau ua dhau 160 lub zog arc testson insulator teeb ntawm ntau hom. Cov kev ntsuam xyuas no tau ua raws li IEC 61467: 2008. Ntxiv rau kev nthuav tawm cov kev ua tsis tau zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau hom insulator teeb tsa, cov ntsiab lus no tau pab los ntawm Robert Jechhighlights qhov teeb meem muaj peev xwm nrog li cas IEC 61467: 2008 tau txhais tam sim no. Qhov no yog ib qho teeb meem uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov nqi hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm cov kev sim niaj hnub no.Qhov kev pom tau los ntawm qhov no yuav muab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso rau cov tuam txhab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau hauv kev tsim cov hlua kom zoo tshaj plaws los ua kom muaj feem ntau dua - lub sijhawm ua tiav hauv kev sim thiab yog li txo lub sijhawm thiab nyiaj siv rau kev tsim kho tshiab. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib tham nyob ib puag ncig cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus qauv kom ntseeg tau tias nws ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tuam ntxhab thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib npaug.
Lub zog arc kuaj ntawm cov insulator teeb ntawm KEMA yog ua raws li IEC 61467: 2008 tus qauv.Qhov qauv no siv rau cov hlua insulator lossis cov teeb tsa muaj xws li ceramic, iav lossis cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw uas yuav raug ntsia rau ntawm cov hlau ncej ortowers thiab siv nyob rau hauv AC overhead kab nrog ib tug nominal voltage saum 1000 V.
Tus txheej txheem txhais cov txheej txheem, tsis, circuits thiab lwm yam rau lub hwj chim arc xeem ntawm ob insulator setsand luv hlua. Cov txheej txheem sib txawv tau tso cai nyob rau hauv tus qauv thiab kev xaiv nyob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm cov khoom siv insulator, raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas Circuit Court thiab series yuav tsum tau xaiv raws li tej yam xws li geometry thiab hom insulator, nws txoj hauj lwm ntawm kab thiab hom ntauwd.
Kev Xeem
Cov txheej txheem npaj rau ntawm ib txoj kab txiav txim siab seb nws yuav tsum tau sim nrog qhov sib npaug lossis tsis sib npaug ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab, nyob ntawm cov kab tsis, luv -circuitcurrent yuav tsum tau siv thaum kuaj. Yog hais tias lub insulator teeb yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thawj los yog kawg 5% ntawm ib kab, nws yuav tsum tau sim nrog ib tug unbalanced supplycircuit thaum teem yuav tsum nyob nruab nrab ntawm 5% thiab 95% cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov linere yuav tsum muaj ib tug balanced mov Circuit Court rau kev ntsuam xyuas. Ib yam li ntawd, teeb tsa rau 'middle'section (piv txwv li los ntawm 24% mus rau 76% ntawm txoj kab ntev) tsuas yog 20% ntawm qhov ntsuas luv luv -circuit tam sim no ntawm lub network. Teeb tsa siv rau ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm 5% thiab 24% cov ntsiab lus - lossis 76% thiab 95% cov ntsiab lus - xav tau 50% thiab teeb tsa hauv thawj orlast 5% xav tau qhov luv luv -circuit tam sim no ntawm lub network.
Lub caij no, hom towergoverns xaiv qhov sib npaug lossis tsis sib npaug rov qab Circuit Court thaum kuaj. Setsto siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab theem qhov rais ntawm ib tug pej thuam yuav tsum tau sim nrog abalanced rov qab Circuit Court (xa mus rau raws li kev xeem series X). Rau cov haujlwm sab nraud ntawm tus pej thuam lossis qhov chaw uas tsis muaj lub qhov rais nruab nrab, siv lub voj voog rov qab tsis sib haum (xws li kev xeem Y). Tsis tas li ntawd, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kev xeem yuav tsum tau ua nyob ntawm seb tus neeg siv khoom xav li cas rau tib hom kev teeb tsa los siv thoob plaws hauv kab (qhov twg qhov kev xeem X lossis Y tau ua tiav) lossis hauv ib feem ntawm kab. Fig. 1 qhia qhov kev ntsuam xyuas atypical rau V- txoj hlua teeb nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw Thistest kev npaj suav nrog cov khoom siv sib npaug thiab xa rov qab. Cov kev teeb tsa tau simulates ib qho insulator teeb txoj hauj lwm ntawm 5% thiab 95% cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab hauv nruab nrab theem qhov rais ntawm tus pej thuam.
Nyob ntawm seb hom insulator teeb, IEC 61467: 2008 tus qauv kuj tseem yuav xav kom nws cov kev xeem tsis raug ntxiv rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob arc, qhov tseem ceeb yog thev naus laus zis tsis ua haujlwm load (MFLT). Qhov no yog ua nyob rau hauv lub insulator units kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus txhua yam quab yuam tom qab siv lub zog arc.Insulator teeb kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom dhau lub zog qhuav zaus flashover (DPFF) kom ntseeg tau tias lub rwb thaiv tsev tsis raug kev txom nyem ntawm qhov hluav taws xob qis qis dua qhov hluav taws xob flashover. Kev ntsuam xyuas hluav taws xob ntxiv tuaj yeem ua rau ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev los xyuas kom meej tias muaj peev xwm tiv taus.
Statistical Overview of Tests
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sim ua tiav ntawm 162 cov txheej txheem insulator tshaj tsib- xyoo yog qhia hauv qab no:
Hom Insulator Sets & Cheebtsam
Insulator sets tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom qauv tsim thiab insulating cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb lub hom phiaj daim ntawv thov. Cov txheej txheem insulator tau sim thaum lub sijhawm tsib- xyoo suav nrog:
• 92 ncua kev kawm ntawv
• 49 teeb nro
• 17 "V" hlua
• 4 cross- caj npab insulators
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm insulating cov ntaub ntawv siv thiab insulator tsim, insulator sets kuaj muaj xws li:
• 81 sib xyaw
• 34 iav, cap & pin
• 12 iav, cap & pin (txoj hlua luv)
• 27 porcelain, pas nrig ntev
• 8 plooj (porcelain), cap & pin
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Cov duab saum toj no tau qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv insulator muaj nyob rau niaj hnub no thiab cov kev xav tau rau kev sim ua ntej kev teeb tsa. Txawm li cas los xij, tej zaum ntxiv qhov ci ntsa iab yog qhov kev pom rau hauv cov qauv kev ua tsis tiav rau cov insulatorsets. Qhov kev pom no qhia txog thaj chaw uas cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau them tshwj xeeb rau thaum tsim cov txheej txheem insulator tshiab.
Ntev - pas nrig Insulator Sets
Rau ntev- cov pas nrig teeb, peb qhov teeb meem muaj peev xwm raug txheeb xyuas. Cov hlau qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev insulator tuaj yeem ua rau yaj yog tias tsis tsim zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsim qauv tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau cov tsev nyob ze ntawm cov hlau no tawg. Thaum kawg, lub arc tuaj yeem ua rau cov hlau evaporate los ntawm cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv, ua rau 'puddling'.
Composite Insulator Sets
Cov roj hmab silicone siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke pom muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau kev ntsuas hluav taws xob arc. Txawm li cas los xij, lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau cov teeb no yog qhov uas cov tub ntxhais fiberglass txuas nrog cov hlau kawg fittings.
Cap & Pin InsulatorSets (iav lossis Porcelain)
Cap & pin insulatorsexhibit siab mechanical resistance tom qab lub zog arc xeem. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhawj xeeb rau cov teeb no yog qhov ua tau ntawm kev tawg thiab, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm iav teeb, cua txias ntawm lub hau & pin units
Kev Tiv Thaiv Fittings: Load-Bearing Fitting Protection & Arc Direction Fittings
Kev ntsuas fais fab arc muab ntau dua cov tshuab thiab thermal strain ntawm cov fittings luv luv -circuittests. Qhov no yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum tsim cov kev tiv thaiv fittings ntawm insulator teeb ntawm txhua yam.
Kuj tseem muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm cov fittings melting mus rau lub insulator units. Kev saib xyuas kuj tseem yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv tiv thaiv tsis txav thaum lub sij hawm arcing, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub hauv paus arc zaum ntawm lub load- bearing fittings.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Fittings: Corona Rings, Ntiv Nplhaib
Cov fittings no tsis yog tsim los rau arc tam sim no tab sis cuam tshuam rau txoj hauj lwm ntawm arcroot thiab nws txav li cas. Raws li nrog rau lwm yam kev tiv thaiv fittings, cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm no suav nrog cov khoom siv yaj mus rau hauv cov insulator units thiab txav ntawm fittings ua rau lub hauv paus arc txav mus deb ntawm nws txoj haujlwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov fittings no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dhau thiab xov tooj cua nrov.
Power Arc BehaviourThaum Kev Xeem
Ua raws li cov kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas saum toj no muab lub sijhawm los kawm txog tus cwj pwm ntawm powerarcs thaum kuaj. Ob tug cwj pwm txawv txawv tau pom. Nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw, lub hwj chim arc khiav ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv fittings tsim los txhais nws txoj kev (xws li arcing horns, arcing rings thiab lwm yam). Qhov no yog qhov kev coj cwj pwm ntawm lub hwj chim arc thiab txhais tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev ntxhov siab los ntawm lub arc yog exerted rau ntawm kev tiv thaiv fittings thiab insulator teeb nrog tsuas muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv insulator nws tus kheej. Qhov tseem ceeb, tus cwj pwm zoo li no muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau cov pej thuam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev coj cwj pwm thib ob tuaj yeem tshwm sim qhov twg cov arc taug kev raws tus neeg xyuas pib lossis tus pej thuam. Hauv qhov no, qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem insulator yog tsawg dua nrog ntau qhov qis dua ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv thiab cov khoom siv insulator. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau dua rau tus pej thuam lossis tus neeg xyuas pib uas nqa thearc.
Tam sim no, IEC61467: 2008 tsis qhia meej txog tus cwj pwm ntawm arc thaum kuaj. Nws kuj tsis yog feem ntau teev nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib tw rau daim phiaj installation orupgrade tej yaam num. Qhov no tuaj yeem nthuav tawm qhov teeb meem tiag tiag rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom siv insulator. Yog hais tias tus tsim ntawm lub insulator teeb coj mus rau lub arc coj nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ntawm ob txoj kev tau piav saum toj no, nws yog zoo li hais tias lub insulator txheej yuav dhau lub hwj chim arc xeem raws li lub arc tsis nyob ze rau lub insulator thiab yog li ntawd tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov txheej txheem no tau siv hauv thaj teb, txhua qhov kev paub txog arcs yuav taug kev raws tus pej thuam lossis kab conductor ua rau puas tsuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom siv no yuav kim dua kho dua thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntev dua.
Cov ntsiab lus
Kev tshawb fawb txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob arc tso cai rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm ntau hom insulator teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig kev pom zoo rau cov neeg tsim khoom thaum tsim cov txheej txheem insulator tshiab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev paub dhau los ntawm cov kev xeem no tau hais txog qhov teeb meem muaj peev xwm nrog IEC 61467: 2008 tus qauv raws li nws tau teev hnub no. Raws li tus qauv tsis qhia txog tus cwj pwm ntawm arc thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws tuaj yeem tso cai rau cov teeb meem phom sij kom dhau kev sim. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm kev ruaj ntseg hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas lawv tab tom yuav. Txhawm rau kom tus qauv ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov chaw muab khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv insulatorfittings, qhov teeb meem no yuav tsum tau hais. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, arcbehavior thaum kuaj yuav tsum tau teev los ntawm kev hloov kho rau IEC61467: 2008 lossis niaj hnub hauv cov ntaub ntawv sib tw los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Cov chav kawm tom kawg yuav xav kom txhua qhov kev siv hluav taws xob kom paub ntau ntxiv txog qhov teeb meem no.
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